Rev. Malika Leigh Whitney and Double Dutch Dreamz
When she was growing up in Harlem in the 1940s, Reverend Malika Leigh Whitney played a lot of street games, like hopscotch, jacks, stick ball, and stoop ball.
Harlem
Where is District 5?
Under decentralized school governance, each community school district had its own school board, and members of that board were elected by parents and voters who lived within the community school district’s boundaries.
We Demand
Student protesters at City College (CCNY) explained why they organized a strike on their campus and what changes they wanted to achieve.
Program for Malcolm X Memorial Service, cover
In the East Harlem community control district, teachers emphasized subjects that connected to their students’ African heritage.
Viva Harlem U!
Although City College, where Audre Lorde taught, was in the predominantly Black and Latinx community of Harlem, there were very few Black or Latinx students who attended.
A Proposal for an Independent Board of Education in Harlem
Over 1 million new Black Southern migrants and Puerto Rican immigrants had settled in New York City by the 1950s.
Operation Shut Down Flier
Civil rights organizers in Lowndes County, Mississippi, chose the image of a black panther as their symbol.
Black Panther Party letter about Operation Shut Down
The Black Panther Party’s Harlem Branch, founded in 1966, defined Black Power as “having the right to self-determination or the power to decide what should go down in our community,” and “being the decision makers, the policy makers.
Jansen Must Go!
Harlem residents like Ella Baker and Mae Mallory, alongside other parents and community members in Brooklyn and in Jamaica, Queens, pushed the New York City Board of Education to integrate their schools.
Club Borinquen
Italian immigrant Leonard Covello was the principal of East Harlem’s Benjamin Franklin High School, an all-boys school.
Children Participating in a Public Campaign
In the 1930s and 1940s, Benjamin Franklin High School was a dynamic place.
The Role of the School in a Housing Program for the Community
Benjamin Franklin High School students came together in clubs that celebrated their cultural identities, like Club Borinquen and clubs focused on Italian American culture.
Hotel Pennsylvania Meeting Learns of Harlem School Ills
On April 16, 1937, Lucile Spence and the Teachers Union of New York organized a conference at the Hotel Pennsylvania in downtown Manhattan to discuss schools in Harlem.
Mayor LaGuardia’s Commission on the Harlem Riot, excerpt
On March 19, 1935, rumors spread through Harlem that police had beaten a young man to death after they arrested him for allegedly stealing a knife from a local store.
Wadleigh’s School Zone
School zones establish where students go to school, often on the basis of where they live.
Two Public School Teachers
In March 1925, The Survey Graphic published a special issue.