A Proposal for an Independent Board of Education in Harlem
Over 1 million new Black Southern migrants and Puerto Rican immigrants had settled in New York City by the 1950s.
North and South
Black Panther Party letter about Operation Shut Down
The Black Panther Party’s Harlem Branch, founded in 1966, defined Black Power as “having the right to self-determination or the power to decide what should go down in our community,” and “being the decision makers, the policy makers.
Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, excerpt
Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on June 2, 1964, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination based on race, religion, sex, and national origin.
The School Boycott Concept
In this op-ed, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Change the Status Crow
After the massive turnout for the February 3, 1964 boycott, there was little response from the Board of Education.
Freedom School Lesson Plan, excerpt
This proposal for a Freedom School in the North comes after Freedom Summer (1964) in Mississippi and after some of the school boycotts in New York, Boston, and Chicago.