Interview with Thomas Samuels
Transcript: At school, when we interacted, initially, signing was not allowed, that we’d be punished if we used signing.
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Rev. Malika Leigh Whitney and Double Dutch Dreamz
When she was growing up in Harlem in the 1940s, Reverend Malika Leigh Whitney played a lot of street games, like hopscotch, jacks, stick ball, and stoop ball.
The Disability Independence Day March
After Camp Jened closed in 1977, many former campers stayed connected to one another.
La Escuela Bilingüe Número 25 del Distrito Escolar 7
Please note: This is work in progress. Please keep that in mind as you read.
History of Double Dutch
Two Black Harlem police officers, Mike Walker and Ulysses Williams, founded the first Annual World International Double Dutch competition in 1974.
New York Kids Jump for Prizes in Double Dutch Tourney
The Eighth Annual World International Double Dutch competition took place at Lincoln Center in 1981.
Double Dutch, sculpture by John Ahearn, Intervale Ave. and Kelly St.
In the 1970s and 1980s in New York City, many Black and Latinx neighborhoods were impoverished and their residents were struggling.
Girls Jumping Double Dutch
According to New York’s Black newspaper the Amsterdam News, Double Dutch is “a skip-rope activity in which two ropes are turned in eggbeater fashion by two rope turners while a third person jumps within the moving ropes.
I.S. 55 Graduation Speech
Please note: This is work in progress. Please keep that in mind as you read.
On the Way to School - Community Control, Some Observations, excerpt
Preston Wilcox was a human rights activist and professor at Columbia University who supported Black studies on college campuses and community control for K-12 schools.
Fifteen Demands of Black and Puerto Rican Students
Please note: This is work in progress. Please keep that in mind as you read.
Reflections - August, 1967, excerpt
Located near the town of Hunter, New York, in the Catskill Mountains (a few hours from New York City), Camp Jened was unusual at the time for its focus on Disabled campers.
Baseball
The grounds of Camp Jened included a river, a lake with a dock for boating and places to row, swimming facilities, and a stream that was great for fishing.
The Will and the Way of the Boycotters
On February 3, 1964, an estimated 464,400 students - almost half the city’s enrollment - boycotted New York City’s segregated school system.
Camp Scholarships Will Be Awarded to Handicapped Adults
Camp Jened was a private camp, and it charged campers’ families for attendance.
Memorandum to Counselors
For Camp Jened to be accessible to Disabled children and adults, staff and counselors had to work well with campers.
Camp Jened - Real Camping for the Handicapped, cover
Camp Jened was located in the northern Catskills, on over 250 acres (which is about ⅓ the size of Central Park, or as big as 250 football fields) with 22 buildings near the town of Hunter, New York.
Club Borinquen
Italian immigrant Leonard Covello was the principal of East Harlem’s Benjamin Franklin High School, an all-boys school.
Children Participating in a Public Campaign
In the 1930s and 1940s, Benjamin Franklin High School was a dynamic place.
The Role of the School in a Housing Program for the Community
Benjamin Franklin High School students came together in clubs that celebrated their cultural identities, like Club Borinquen and clubs focused on Italian American culture.