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Responding to the 1964 Boycotts

Responding to the 1964 Boycotts

After the February 3, 1964 boycott, and again after the smaller March 16, 1964 boycott, many observers commented on whether the boycotts had been successful or a good idea. They did so in a variety of ways. Some commented in the press, like Malcolm X, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and the editorial boards of white newspapers like The New York Times and the Herald-Tribune. Others organized their own protest marches against desegregation. And in Congress, where lawmakers were crafting the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the 1964 boycotts and their aftermath sent two messages: Northern civil rights advocates could gather mass support to challenge racism and inequality, and white resistance remained powerful. But, the northern and western Congressmen who got the bill passed and committed to changing southern schools kept school desegregation away from their home schools.

What a “Fizzle!”

Feb 8, 1964

New York City schools head James Donovan calls the boycott “a fizzle.”

Parents and Taxpayers March to City Hall on Film

Mar 12, 1964

A group of white parents calling themselves “Parents and Taxpayers” lead a march from the Board of Education building in Brooklyn to City Hall in Manhattan.

Malcolm X Comments on the Boycotts

1964

Malcolm X answers questions about the boycott in this interview video.

The School Boycott Concept

Apr 11, 1964

Dr. King writes about the “school boycott concept” and its application across the country.

Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, excerpt

Jul 2, 1964

President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act into law, which included a “watered down” section on school desegregation.

Parents and Taxpayers Protest and Counter-Protest on Film

Sep 24, 1964

White parents organize and protest in favor of segregation.

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