The Man Who Could Fly: the Bob Beamon Story, excerpt
Mr. Louis Schuker, the principal at Jamaica High, had a long talk with me and Coach Ellis.
disability labels
Puerto Ricans (Spoken Version)
Puerto Ricans became citizens of the United States in 1917, as part of the US’s claiming control of the island.
Jose P. vs. Ambach, excerpt
Many major changes in education have come through federal legislation.
Statement by Martin H. Gerry, Director, Office for Civil Rights, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, excerpts
In 1977, the New York City Board of Education was the focus of the “largest civil rights investigation of a public educational institution ever undertaken.
S.O. F.E.D. U.P. Handbook for the Disabled Students of Brooklyn College, CUNY, excerpt
The late 1960s and early 1970s saw campus activism around the United States, for social change and against the Vietnam War.
The Educational Needs of the Puerto Rican Child, excerpts
In 1970, about one quarter of all New York City public school students were Puerto Rican.
“600” Schools, Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow, excerpts
Organizing in the early 1960s by the Citywide Committee on Integration and by Reverend Milton Galamison had increased public attention to the “600” schools.
New York Hotline: Special Ed #304, excerpt 1
Among New York City students with disability labels today, most are in the category of “learning disability.
The 1965 Boycott on Film
The 1965 boycott targeted segregation in New York City’s junior high schools and “600” schools.
90% Boycott Hits Problem School
In the fall of 1964, months after the massive February 1964 boycott, Reverend Milton Galamison and the Citywide Committee on Integration launched another boycott.
Claim Teachers Used Pupils As Shoe Shine Boys: DA Calls Charges “Serious”
In late 1963, The Amsterdam News reported on allegations that teachers and administrators at PS 614 in Brooklyn, one of the city’s “600” schools.
Jim Crow School Kids as Mentally Unfit
By the 1940s, New York City schools frequently used intelligence tests to decide which kind of schooling a child needed.
Chart of Inmates in the State Institutions
State institutions grew throughout New York state after the founding of the New York Asylum in 1851 and into the mid-20th century.
Race Intelligence, excerpt
Scholar W.E.B. DuBois was also an editor of The Crisis, a magazine of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (or NAACP).
Army Beta Test and Results
The US Army offered up its recruits as a test population for the new intelligence tests.
The Binet-Simon Scale, excerpt
In 1905, French psychologist and educator Albert Binet created a tool that he hoped would help to identify and understand children who were struggling in school.
Delinquent Girls Tested by the Binet Scale, excerpt
Henry Goddard was a psychologist living and working in New Jersey.
The Feeble Minded in New York, excerpts
A school for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities opened on Randall’s Island in the East River in the 1860s - alongside the city’s almshouse, hospitals, and prisons.
New York City’s Schools and What They Cost
At the beginning of the 20th century, New York City required more and more students to attend school and prohibited them from working.
Elizabeth Farrell and Ungraded Classes
Special education classes for children with intellectual disabilities were pioneered in New York City by a social welfare reformer, Elizabeth Farrell.